Rolling: Cov txheej txheem ntawm nias hlau billets rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm qhov xav tau tuab siv cov txheej txheem kub los yog txias dov.
Casting: Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hlau molten rau hauv pwm thiab cia nws txias thiab khov; haum rau cov ntawv hlau nrog cov duab nyuaj.
Vuam: Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev koom nrog ntau cov ntawv hlau ua ke los ua ib daim ntawv loj.